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Myoclonus is involuntary muscle twitching which may be a sign or symptom of many conditions, including certain neurological disorders. Myoclonic twitches may also occur as hypnic jerks, while an individual is falling asleep. They may be classified as positive myoclonus (muscle contractions) or negative myoclonus (muscle relaxations).
Causes:
Types:
Some more common types of myoclonus are labeled as the following:
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of myoclonus is made by a doctor or medical professional. When the diagnosis is being considered by the doctor, other movement disorders should be ruled out, although it is possible for the patient to be suffering from multiple movement disorders. An extensive physical exam may be administered. Additionally, measurements may be taken concerning circulating electrolytes and blood glucose levels. Kidney and liver function tests may be undergone, as well as testing for certain antibodies, drugs and toxins.
Treatment
Treatment for myoclonus involves medications aimed at treating the symptoms. Some of these medications are also used to treat epilepsy. In certain cases, multiple medications may be used together to provide a greater measure of treatment. For short-term use only, alcohol may be taken prior to sleeping to help relieve the symptoms.
See also:
Synonyms and other key terms:
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